+typedef unsigned long RtAudioFormat;
+static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_SINT8 = 0x1; // 8-bit signed integer.
+static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_SINT16 = 0x2; // 16-bit signed integer.
+static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_SINT24 = 0x4; // Lower 3 bytes of 32-bit signed integer.
+static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_SINT32 = 0x8; // 32-bit signed integer.
+static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_FLOAT32 = 0x10; // Normalized between plus/minus 1.0.
+static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 = 0x20; // Normalized between plus/minus 1.0.
+
+/*! \typedef typedef unsigned long RtAudioStreamFlags;
+ \brief RtAudio stream option flags.
+
+ The following flags can be OR'ed together to allow a client to
+ make changes to the default stream behavior:
+
+ - \e RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED: Use non-interleaved buffers (default = interleaved).
+ - \e RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY: Attempt to set stream parameters for lowest possible latency.
+ - \e RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE: Attempt grab device for exclusive use.
+
+ By default, RtAudio streams pass and receive audio data from the
+ client in an interleaved format. By passing the
+ RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED flag to the openStream() function, audio
+ data will instead be presented in non-interleaved buffers. In
+ this case, each buffer argument in the RtAudioCallback function
+ will point to a single array of data, with \c nFrames samples for
+ each channel concatenated back-to-back. For example, the first
+ sample of data for the second channel would be located at index \c
+ nFrames (assuming the \c buffer pointer was recast to the correct
+ data type for the stream).
+
+ Certain audio APIs offer a number of parameters that influence the
+ I/O latency of a stream. By default, RtAudio will attempt to set
+ these parameters internally for robust (glitch-free) performance
+ (though some APIs, like Windows Direct Sound, make this difficult).
+ By passing the RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY flag to the openStream()
+ function, internal stream settings will be influenced in an attempt
+ to minimize stream latency, though possibly at the expense of stream
+ performance.
+
+ If the RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
+ open the input and/or output stream device(s) for exclusive use.
+ Note that this is not possible with all supported audio APIs.
+
+ If the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME flag is set, RtAudio will attempt
+ to select realtime scheduling (round-robin) for the callback thread.
+*/
+typedef unsigned int RtAudioStreamFlags;
+static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED = 0x1; // Use non-interleaved buffers (default = interleaved).
+static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY = 0x2; // Attempt to set stream parameters for lowest possible latency.
+static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE = 0x4; // Attempt grab device and prevent use by others.
+static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME = 0x8; // Try to select realtime scheduling for callback thread.
+
+/*! \typedef typedef unsigned long RtAudioStreamStatus;
+ \brief RtAudio stream status (over- or underflow) flags.
+
+ Notification of a stream over- or underflow is indicated by a
+ non-zero stream \c status argument in the RtAudioCallback function.
+ The stream status can be one of the following two options,
+ depending on whether the stream is open for output and/or input:
+
+ - \e RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW: Input data was discarded because of an overflow condition at the driver.
+ - \e RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW: The output buffer ran low, likely producing a break in the output sound.
+*/
+typedef unsigned int RtAudioStreamStatus;
+static const RtAudioStreamStatus RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW = 0x1; // Input data was discarded because of an overflow condition at the driver.
+static const RtAudioStreamStatus RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW = 0x2; // The output buffer ran low, likely causing a gap in the output sound.
+
+//! RtAudio callback function prototype.
+/*!
+ All RtAudio clients must create a function of type RtAudioCallback
+ to read and/or write data from/to the audio stream. When the
+ underlying audio system is ready for new input or output data, this
+ function will be invoked.
+
+ \param outputBuffer For output (or duplex) streams, the client
+ should write \c nFrames of audio sample frames into this
+ buffer. This argument should be recast to the datatype
+ specified when the stream was opened. For input-only
+ streams, this argument will be NULL.
+
+ \param inputBuffer For input (or duplex) streams, this buffer will
+ hold \c nFrames of input audio sample frames. This
+ argument should be recast to the datatype specified when the
+ stream was opened. For output-only streams, this argument
+ will be NULL.
+
+ \param nFrames The number of sample frames of input or output
+ data in the buffers. The actual buffer size in bytes is
+ dependent on the data type and number of channels in use.
+
+ \param streamTime The number of seconds that have elapsed since the
+ stream was started.
+
+ \param status If non-zero, this argument indicates a data overflow
+ or underflow condition for the stream. The particular
+ condition can be determined by comparison with the
+ RtAudioStreamStatus flags.
+
+ \param userData A pointer to optional data provided by the client
+ when opening the stream (default = NULL).
+
+ To continue normal stream operation, the RtAudioCallback function
+ should return a value of zero. To stop the stream and drain the
+ output buffer, the function should return a value of one. To abort
+ the stream immediately, the client should return a value of two.
+ */
+typedef int (*RtAudioCallback)( void *outputBuffer, void *inputBuffer,
+ unsigned int nFrames,
+ double streamTime,
+ RtAudioStreamStatus status,
+ void *userData );
+
+
+// **************************************************************** //
+//
+// RtAudio class declaration.
+//
+// RtAudio is a "controller" used to select an available audio i/o
+// interface. It presents a common API for the user to call but all
+// functionality is implemented by the class RtApi and its
+// subclasses. RtAudio creates an instance of an RtApi subclass
+// based on the user's API choice. If no choice is made, RtAudio
+// attempts to make a "logical" API selection.
+//
+// **************************************************************** //